BVA313 Art Theory 28/5/19

Art Theory - 28/5/19

Issues of Viewership - Gaze

Ingres, Raphael and the Fornarina

Artists with their models - painted by another painter in the studio -

le regard  - French

Deals with how the audience views the painting
James Lacan (1901 - 1981)  and The Mirror Phase  - theorist : Psychoanalyst - understanding of ourselves - the first time we recognize ourselves in the mirror .    other people won't experience us as we experience as ourselves.

Michel Foucault (1926-1984)  and the Clinical Gaze

Spectator's Gaze - viewing the text or painting, art, music - usually the audience.

Intra-diegetic Gaze   - one person looking at the other person

Extra-diegetic gaze - where the person in the picture looks at the spectator - an aside and acknowledgement - the fourth wall - address the audience. 

Camera or Director's gaze - camera looks where Director is looking

Text within Text gaze - Characters watching character within their world.

Editorial Gaze - Where a certain aspect of text is given emphasis, such as photography, where a caption or cropping of an image depicting one thing can emphasize a completely different thing.
Think of internet and images etc.


  • Power and Gaze - a relationship between offering and demanding gaze.
  • This reflects power structure, or the nature of the relationship between subjects.
  • This tells us who has the right and or need to look at whom

Male Gaze - Laura Mulvey - feminist film theorist - Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975)

"the gender power asymmetry is a controlling force in cinema and constructed for the pleasure of the male viewer, which is deeply rooted in patriarchal ideologies and discourses."

Female gaze - and its response to the male gaze. (example is Ice Age art)
Women as a universal subject matter

Subversion of the Male Gaze

Blog Gaze

Identify issues of gaze with your own artwork.
       As my work is currently static models and viewed within cabinets then boxes for second exhibition, the gaze is the viewers response to my work - or a spectator's gaze.  I am aware that I will have to accept that sometimes a viewer might not receive or understand the work as I intended. The characters in the story and the theme make it easy (hopefully) to identify characters - I had not thought of the use of the gaze - eg characters reaching out to the audience to invite them into their world. 



  • Where do issues of gaze and power intersect in your work?

  • What is an example of male gaze in current culture?


  • What is an example of female gaze in current culture?

  • Read Laura Mulvey's essay Visual Pleasure. Summarize and respond to her work.  

  • Next week bring mid year submission and blog  - 
  • Power Point presentation of where I am right now......
  • 11th June blog and body of work - add in books and relevant titles used for collecting (artist as a collector)  
  • Reception and authorship 
  • check blogs are labeled correctly
APA - referencing 

Annotation of blogs - pictures, screen shots of texts that are relevant - add to texts and what I say about what they say......

Annotated Bibliography - adding notes to explain something - list of full APA citations gathered in research.  Not just a summary - critical evaluation - relevance and accuracy and quality - include own thoughts or voice 
Summary - Eval - Reflection

Two to four sentences long - main arguments and points - what is the resource is about - 1 paragraph.     Who, What, when, where, why questions.  

What is the purpose of the resource.  

Reflection  - my views, thoughts and point of view.  
layout - format - 1" margins all size - double space - alphabetize entries  - hanging indents 2 spaces.  

Go through blogs to update work to date - 





















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